Basic Terminology

                     Japanese                           English

Counting
                       ichi                                   one
                       ni                                     two
                       san                                  three
                       shi                                   four
                       go                                    five
                       roku                                 six
                       shichi                              seven
                       hachi                               eight
                       kyu                                  nine
                       ju                                     ten
                       hyaku                              one hundred

General
                       go                                   hard
                       ju                                    soft
                       ryu                                  style
                       kara                                empty
                       te                                    hand
                       sensei                             teacher
                       ki                                     spirit, inner power
                       kiai                                  shout used to unite inner power and ki
                       dan                                  level
                       jodan                               upper level
                       chudan                            middle level
                       gedan                              lower level
                       hidari                               left
                       migi                                 right
                       mawate                           turn
                       rei                                   bow
                       yoi                                   ready
                       kamae                             combative posture
                       hajime                             begin
                       yame                               stop
                       kime                                focus
                       mokuso                           meditation
                       kiritsu                              stand up

Stances
                       dachi/tachi                     stance
                       kihon dachi                    basic stance
                       heisoku dachi                closed foot stance (feet together)
                       musubi dachi                 formal attention stance (heels together, feet at an angle)
                       heiko dachi                    parallel stance (feet shoulder width apart)
                       hachiji dachi                  natural stance (feet shoulder width apart, toes slightly pointed out)
                       shiko dachi                    straddle leg stance
                       sanchin dachi                hourglass stance (back toes in line with front heel)
                       han zenkutsu dachi       half front stance (back knee drop down to front toes)
                       zenkutsu dachi              front stance (back knee drops down to front heel)
                       kokutsu dachi                back stance
                       neko ashi dachi             cat foot stance
                       sesan dachi                   side facing straddle stance

Hand Techniques
                       tsuki                              punch or thrust
                       uchi                               strike
                       nakadaka ken               middle finger knuckle fist
                       ippon ken                      first finger knuckle fist
                       empi/hiji                        elbow
                       oi tsuki lunge                punch
                       gyaku tsuki                   reverse punch
                       ura tsuki                       short punch (palm side up)
                       age tsuki                      rising punch
                       shotei/teisho tsuki        palm heel thrust
                       seiken tsuki                  fore fist strike
                       nukite tsuki                   finger thrust
                       ko uchi                          bent wrist strike
                       ura ken uchi                  back fist strike
                       shuto uchi                     knife hand srike
                       tettsui uchi                    Hammer fist strike
                       shotei/teisho uchi         palm heel strike
                       tsukame                       grab

Foot Techniques
                       geri                               kick
                       ashi                              foot/leg
                       sokuto                          foot edge
                       kakato                          heel
                       haisoku                        instep
                       tsumasaki                    tip of the toe
                       hiza                              knee
                       mae geri (kaegi)          front snap kick
                       mae geri (kekomi)       front thrust kick
                       mawashi geri               round house kick
                       ushiro geri                   back thrust kick
                       yoko geri (keagi)         side snap kick
                       yoko geri (kekomi)      side thrust kick
                       kansetsu geri              stamping kick, joint kick
                       hiza geri                      knee kick
                       ashi barai                    foot sweep
                       mae tobi geri               jumping front kick
                       yoko tobi geri               jumping side thrust kick

Blocking Techniques
                       uke                               block
                       age uke (jodan)            rising block
                       chudan uke                  inside circular block
                       chudan uchi uke          outside forearm block
                       gedan barai                 downward block
                       gedan uchi barai         outside downward block (open block)
                       hiki uke                       pulling/grasping block
                       kake uke                     open handed block
                       shuto uke                    knife hand block
                       shotei uke                   palm heel block
                       ko uke                         wrist block
                       ura uke                        back hand block
                       uchi uke                       inside forarm block
                       morote uke                  augmented block (double handed)
                       mawashi uke               round house block
                       tora guchi                    double handed open-hand circular block
                       hari uke                       archer block

Practice Fighting
                       kumite                         sparring
                       ippon kumite               one point sparring where the attacker defends, then counters after the attack
                       randori                        slow and soft free style with emphasis on technique
                       jiyu kumite                  hard and fast controlled free style fighting

Opening Ceremony
                      Head Student: shugo line up
                      Head Student: ki o tsuke attention
                      Head Student: seiza kneel
                      Head Student: mokuso meditation
                      Head Student: mokuso yame finish meditation
                      Head Student: shomen ni, face front
                      Head Student: rei bow
                      Head Student: sensei ni face instructor
                      Head Student: rei bow
                      Everybody: onegai shimasu "will you please?" - In karate "Please teach me
                      Head Student: kiritsu stand up

Closing Ceremony
                      Head Student: shugo line up
                      Head Student: ki o tsuke attention
                      Head Student: seiza kneel
                      Head Student: mokuso meditation
                      Head Student: mokuso yame finish meditation
                      Head Student: dojo kun shouted by head student, then by everyone
                      Head Student: shinjo ni face the shomen
                      Head Student: rei bow
                      Head Student: Hanshi ni face the shomen
                      Head Student: rei bow
                      Head Student: sensei ni face instructor
                      Head Student: rei bow
                      Everybody: arigato gozaimashita "Thank you very much"
                      Head Student: otagai ni face each other
                      Head Student: rei bow
                      Everybody: arigato gozaimashita "Thank you very much"
                      Head Student: kiritsu stand up